The September MAS meeting will be a virtual meeting hosted with Zoom.

UW Madison emeritus professor of the history of science Dr. Michael Shank will present on “Copernicus: A Life on the Frontiers.”

Description: An unexpected invitation to write a general-audience biography of Copernicus has forced this historian of medieval science to wrestle anew with the founding figure of the Scientific Revolution. I expected the assignment to be quick and easy. Instead, it has driven me back to the sources and completely changed my picture of the man. Copernicus was far more buffeted by Baltic politics and indebted to his late-medieval background than I had ever expected. In this talk, I emphasize his early life in a changing frontier context: the post-colonial political and economic turmoil of the southeastern Baltic frontier (13-15th c.), the astronomical excellence of the late-medieval University of Cracow, and the unsettled life of a prince-bishopric buffeted between the Prussia of the Teutonic Knights and the Kingdom of Poland during the emergent Reformation.

Michael H. Shank is Professor emeritus in the now-defunct Department of the History of Science at the UW-Madison, specializing in 14-15th-c. natural philosophy and astronomy. Most recently, he was Visiting Professor in the Department of History of Science at Tsinghua University (Beijing; fall 2017, fall 2019) and Visiting Fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences, Zhejiang University (Hangzhou; fall 2018).

The September meeting will be a virtual event, hosted with Zoom. Members will receive an email with link and instructions to join a day or two before the event. Again this month we are opening the virtual meeting up to Facebook Group members who may want to join in. If you would like to attend the MAS virtual meeting, send an email to madisonastro.info@gmail.com by noon Friday Sept 11 to let us know of your interest. We will email you the Zoom link at 3pm Friday Sept 11 that will get you into the meeting at 7:30 on Friday evening.

At the August MAS meeting, our guest speaker will be Shimon Kolkowitz of the UW-Madison physics department (assistant professor). Due to COVID-19 restrictions, this meeting will again be held via Zoom.

Optical atomic clocks are now the most stable and accurate timekeepers in the world, with fractional accuracies equivalent to neither losing nor gaining a second over the entire age of the universe. This unprecedented level of metrological precision offers sensitivity to new physics phenomena, opening the door to exciting and unusual applications. This talk will provide an introduction to how and why time is measured from a historical perspective, with an emphasis on the recent development of optical atomic clocks and their applications. I will discuss recent progress on pushing clocks to even greater levels of precision, as well as prospects for future improvement. Finally, I will give a brief overview of potential future applications of clocks, including gravitational wave detection, tests of general relativity, and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model.

Shimon Kolkowitz is an assistant professor of physics at the University of Wisconsin – Madison, where his research is focused on experimental atomic physics and quantum science. He works on building novel and precise sensors to study fundamental physics and to develop new quantum technologies. Shimon received his B.S. from Stanford University, and his Ph.D. in physics from Harvard University, where his research focused on nanoscale sensing with quantum systems. He did his postdoctoral research on ultra-precise optical atomic clocks at NIST/CU Boulder, where he was a National Research Council postdoctoral fellow. He is the author of research articles published in Science, Nature, and Physical Review Letters amongst many other journals. Shimon was recently named a 2019 “Packard Fellow for Science and Engineering.”

The August meeting will be a virtual event, hosted with Zoom. Members will receive an email with link and instructions to join a day or two before the event. Again this month we are opening the virtual meeting up to Facebook Group members who may want to join in. If you would like to attend the MAS virtual meeting, send an email to madisonastro.info@gmail.com by noon Friday August 14 to let us know of your interest. We will email you the Zoom link at 3pm Friday August 14 that will get you into the meeting at 7:30 on Friday evening.

PHOTO CAPTION: “In the picture above, the glowing blue ball at the center of the round vacuum chamber window is a cloud of roughly 10 million strontium atoms cooled to one-thousandth of a degree above absolute zero and levitated in empty space by a combination of laser light and large magnetic field gradients. These atoms are the heart of the ultra-precise atomic clock being built in the Kolkowitz labs at the UW-Madison physics department.”

The July meeting of the Madison Astronomical Society will again be held online. Our guest speaker is Jordan Marché of the UW Madison. Jordan’s talk is entitled: “Solar System Remnants.”

The ‘golden age’ of planetary exploration continues unabated. Along with all of the major planets and their principal satellites, spacecraft have explored the dwarf planets Pluto and Ceres, the Kuiper Belt Object Arrokoth (formerly Ultima-Thule), together with a number of large and small asteroids and comets. This talk presents an overview of many of the latest surveys and discoveries concerning these ‘minor’ members of the Solar System, along with implications for how they have redirected the evolution of life here on Earth. This talk will be delivered live by Zoom; questions and answers can be addressed.

About the Speaker

Jordan Marché is an adjunct instructor in the Department of Astronomy at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He earned both his bachelor’s degree in Astronomy (1977) and a master’s degree in Planetarium Education (1978) from Michigan State University. He later earned a Ph.D. in the History of Astronomy (1999) from Indiana University, with a study of the American planetarium community. This work was revised and published (2005) as a book: Theaters of Time and Space: American Planetaria, 1930-1970.

Jordan was in charge of school programs at the Fleischmann Planetarium, University of Nevada-Reno (1980-1983), and directed the planetarium at the North Museum, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania (1983-1990). He was also an assistant professor of astronomy at Kutztown University of Pennsylvania (2005-2008). In addition, he served on the editorial board for the first two editions of the Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomy (Springer, 2007; 2014). As an astronomical hobbyist, he has done photographic astrometry of asteroids and comets, performed optical ray tracings, and designed and built several reflecting telescopes. He has also built (or helped to build) four observatories; three of which had rotating domes.

The July meeting will be a virtual event, hosted with Zoom. Members will receive an email with link and instructions to join a day or two before the event. Again this month we are opening the virtual meeting up to Facebook Group members who may want to join in. If you would like to attend the MAS virtual meeting, send an email to madisonastro.info@gmail.com by noon Friday July 10 to let us know of your interest. We will email you the Zoom link at 3pm Friday July 10 that will get you into the meeting at 7:30 on Friday evening.

The Madison Astronomical Society is turning 90 next year. All this spring the History Committee has been delving into the archives, interviewing surviving members, pouring over newspaper microfiche, and turning over rocks. Come see some of the surprises we’ve discovered.

This photo was shot at the Oscar Mayer Observatory (in Fitchburg) sometime in the mid-1970s by one of the Explorer Post Scouts. This observatory used to be the UW “Students’ Observatory” and from 1880 to 1960 sat on Observatory Hill right beside the Washburn Observatory. In 1960, as the university moved its Astronomy department into Sterling hall and its observing activities to facilities on mountaintops in the western US, it donated this observatory to the MAS, who moved it to Fitchburg, where it still stands today. MAS abandoned it in 1985 when it moved to YRS in Green County.

The Scouts’ Explorer Post was MAS’s youth outreach arm, a surprisingly active and energetic group of high-school-age boys and girls who kept the older folks alert for their shenanigans. Before that, in the 50s and 60s, there was a “Junior” MAS, since a membership requirement for the main group was that members be 18 years of age or older.

The June meeting will be a virtual event, hosted with Zoom. Members will receive an email with link and instructions to join a day or two before the event.

Geoff Holt was accepted into the NASA/IPAC Teacher Archive Research Program (NITARP) this past year which teamed him up with other teachers around the country and an astronomer from CalTech/JPL. This program aims to give teachers experience doing actual astronomy research, and they can get students involved if they wish. Over the past year, Geoff and five James Madison Memorial High School students have been participating in this research team. Their goal has been to mine the Spitzer Space Telescope data archive in search of sources that have an excess of infrared light compared to a black body curve. The infrared excess is most likely due to dust in evolved stars, young stellar objects, debris disks around stars, active galactic nuclei, and luminous infrared galaxies. They travelled to Hawaii in January to present their results at the American Astronomical Society meeting. Come to hear more about their research and how you can mine the Spitzer archive as well.

Note: Due to continuing state guidance in light of COVID-19, this meeting will be conducted virtually via a Zoom-hosted conference. All MAS members will receive an email 24-48 hours before the meeting with instructions on how to join. Due to Zoom meeting size limitations, this meeting is only open to MAS members and a few select guests. We will attempt to record the presentation and make it available via MAS’s facebook page shortly after the event concludes.

MAS is back!

We’re still observing public health advisories to avoid any face to face meetings so for our April meeting, MAS is going virtual!

Friday, April 10 our own Jeff Shokler will present “Wonders of the Universe: Exploring the Night Sky Through Astrophotography.” During his presentation he will share images captured of a wide variety of astronomical objects including the Moon, planets, lunar and solar eclipses, star clusters, nebulae, galaxies, and much more. Over the course of the presentation he will take the audience on a journey from objects close to home to those found in some of the most distant reaches and earliest time periods of the universe. Learn about how such pictures are captured and produced, about how we can gain scientific insights from astrophotos, and also about the sheer beauty present in the night sky.

Jeffrey E. Shokler lives in Madison, Wisconsin where he is a university administrator currently serving as Associate Director for Advising Technology and Assessment at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He has been an amateur astronomer for over three decades and an astrophotographer for five years. He is a long-time member, current Vice President, and past President of the Madison Astronomical Society.

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In our first attempt at an online meeting, participation will be limited to members only. Prior to April 10, all MAS members will receive an email containing instructions on how to participate. It’s easy and requires only a few clicks to join the meeting. If your computer is able to stream video (Youtube, Netflix, etc.) you should have no trouble participating.

After the meeting has concluded, we’ll make a copy of the full video available here.

There’s no telling how long the COVID-19 lockdown may last, so this might only be the first of several virtual meetings. We hope not, but we’re trying to be ready for anything.

CANCELLED DUE TO COVID-19 PUBLIC HEALTH RECOMMENDATIONS

Analysis of terrestrial zircons yields radiometric ages nearly as old as the Earth, but these ages (4 – 4.4 billion years old) have been challenged. Questions around Uranium-Lead (U-Pb) radiometric dating geochronology have been in play for over 100 years, and were first resolved in 2014 for a 4.374 billion year old zircon. These new results based on oxygen isotopes show that most of the Hadean Eon (ca. 4 – 4.4 billion years ago) was not “hell-like” as commonly believed and implied by the name. The earliest Earth was indeed hot, violent and inhospitable, but by 4.3 billion years ago its surface had cooled and the steam atmosphere condensed to form habitable oceans. Thus, it’s possible that life emerged almost 1 billion years earlier than the oldest known microfossils suggest.

John Valley retired from teaching in July 2019 after spending nearly four decades as a professor in the Department of Geoscience at UW. In April, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.

In Oct of 2019, Valley received the Arthur L. Day Medal from the Geological Society of America (GSA) at the association’s annual meeting in Phoenix. The medal, one of the GSA’s highest honors, recognizes “outstanding distinction in contributing to geologic knowledge through the application of physics and chemistry to the solution of geologic problems.”

Valley has spent much of the past two decades developing new techniques to explore and quantify isotope compositions from ultra-small samples. This led to his groundbreaking theory that there were oceans on Earth much earlier than previously thought—which opens the possibility that life may have existed much earlier than the oldest known micro-fossils—and a major shift in thinking and a change in geology textbooks.

Location: UW Space Place, 2300 N. Park St., Madison, WI

Diane Ramthun is a Wisconsin-based photographer who enjoys doing night sky landscapes. Her talk will focus primarily on viewing and photographing the dark skies over Lake Superior.

Diane: Years ago, while sailing into the remote reaches of Lake Superior, I saw the brilliant stars and Milky Way in the dark night skies for the first time. I wanted to capture what I saw and so began my interest in night sky photography. Capturing the connection of light between sky and earth has been my objective. At night over Lake Superior, the stars, Milky Way and planetary bodies cast vibrant and glowing reflections on the waters. By photographing these scenes, I hope to create a connection for the viewer to experience this exchange of light and see the beauty of a dark sky.

Because my night sky photography takes place on remote islands reached by sailboat, I encounter many challenges in getting to a location and setting up a camera. The logistics of simply getting ashore for a shoot and then later returning by dinghy to the sailboat require much advance planning. And even then, surprises happen. I will talk about the challenges and adventures of night photography in a remote marine environment.

About Diane Ramthun:
Diane has studied with Brad Goldpaint, the 2018 Royal Museums of Greenwich Astronomy Photographer of the Year. She has attended his night photography workshops for years, most recently in Mt Shasta, CA and Utah. Her photography education started with a night photography class at the Milwaukee Institute of Art and Design. She has continued to take general photography and editing classes at MIAD over the years. Diane shoots with a Sony Alpha a7R III digital camera and a G Master 16-35 lens for nighttime work and uses large format film for daytime photography. Diane and her husband live in Middleton, WI.

Star clusters have been critical to our studies of stars and of our galaxy, as well as other areas of astrophysics. Besides their scientific importance, many are also beautiful to look at through a telescope of any size. I will discuss various topics involving star clusters, with a number of examples from my research through the past 45 years

I will make some remarks on the current status of Yerkes Observatory, but the majority of my time will be spent discussing my research on star clusters.

About the Speaker:
Kyle Cudworth, former director of Yerkes Observatory in Williams Bay, WI, and Prof. Emeritus, The University of Chicago.

Cudworth’s interest in astronomy dates to learning a bit about constellations as a Boy Scout, and then enjoying using the small telescope his parents gave him when he was in junior high school. He got a bachelor’s degree in physics at the University of Minnesota and then went to grad school at the University of California Santa Cruz, the headquarters for Lick Observatory. Cudworth received his PhD there in 1974 (having spent close to 100 nights observing planetary nebulae with the 36-inch refractor) and immediately came on the University of Chicago faculty at Yerkes Observatory. He became director of Yerkes in 2001 and served as director through the time of transition for Yerkes from over a century of being primarily a research facility to becoming primarily an education and outreach facility. After officially retiring in 2012, He has continued some research and considerable involvement in education and outreach activities there.